Smoking is a major public health problems. Of the more than one billion smokers in the world, 20% are women, many of them pregnant snuff leave not even in your state. For this reason, WHO dedicated World No Snuff Day, celebrated today the May 31 “Gender and snuff, snuff promotion aimed at women.” The World No Snuff, real risks it should be noted that smoking, a leading cause of preventable death, leads to both smokers and those who breathe secondhand smoke. The use of snuff causes associated diseases such as fatal heart attacks, stroke cardiovascular, cancer, respiratory diseases, among others. Diseases that are becoming more common in women because the prevalence of snuff consumption among females is increasing and the age at onset. Protecting pregnant women and children from the harms of snuff.

Non-smokers have a right to breathe air not contaminated by smoke snuff and therefore does not undermine their health. Population groups particularly susceptible to increased risk should be protected: in these groups are the children, the pregnant, young, people with respiratory diseases, indoor workers from smoking, etc.. Quitting smoking in the pregnancy is difficult but not impossible. If you are a smoker, you’re pregnant and have decided to quit smoking, here are some tips to make your pregnancy a healthy and develop healthy, away from snuff. Surely, if you decided to quit, find help of all kinds to make reaching your goal. You can guide you, for example towards homeopathy and Bach flower remedies, recourse to group therapy, seek support from the specialists, go to your doctor or trusted friends who have managed to quit. We also want to add our two cents, and we offer some simple tips to help you quit smoking easier:

• Each time you go to buy snuff, stick to buying only one packet.

• After smoking a cigarette, put the package in another room, so you have to get up if you want to smoke your other.

• Take your cigarette lighter or matches the bag, and let them always at home.

• Before lighting the cigarette, breathe three times. After each set, leaving the cigarette in the ashtray.

• Empty the ashtray after he finished his cigarette and do not let the hand.

• Turn off the cigarette after the first puff, then turn them on; Fumal only halfway.

• At home, only smoke in a room, not your favorite place, but one you uncomfortable. Do not smoke in bed anymore, nor in the morning or at night.

• Seek support from family and friends. Try engaging in activities that do not allow smoking, like going to the movies or the theater, and spend more time with nonsmoking friends.

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The first weeks after conception, are very important for proper fetal development. Normally there is no indication that you’re pregnant, has not even been a delay in menstruation or any symptoms that you can attract attention, but it is precisely at these moments that form many of their vital organs.

Be especially careful because we can compromise fetal development. Adopting a healthy lifestyle from before pregnancy, it is easier to enjoy this period without complications.

Care issues as simple as feeding, consult a specialist before taking any medication, stop smoking and drinking alcohol will be your first acts of love for your child.

Physical activity before pregnancy
If you’re determined to have a child, you should rest and more sleep, reduce the accelerated pace of life and avoid strenuous exercises. The practice of gentle exercise is recommended to reduce stress levels.

A healthy lifestyle helps conception. In fact, before you know you’re pregnant, your child’s organs are forming already, and therefore, you must adopt a healthy lifestyle from the moment you decide to become pregnant. It is time to start the practice of a sport that you have not done before.

Consult your gynecologist what exercise is highly recommended. Possibly some light will indicate as swimming, walking or some type of fitness training.

If you get pregnant, no reason for you to stop practicing unless recommended by your doctor.

Avoid snuff, alcohol and drugs
SNUFF
The snuff is very harmful to the fetus. If you smoke, the baby that is developing and if so will those who smoke are people around you are also influencing it in a roundabout way.

Women smokers are less likely to become pregnant than nonsmokers, and in the case of men, it was found that snuff can reduce sperm motility, which hinders conception. This problem has become acute especially during the last decade, which has led experts to seriously recommend smoking cessation plans in cases of infertility due to male.

They also increase the chances of having a child with certain types of congenital malformations. Nicotine causes a doubling the chances that the child is born prematurely, with all the risks involved.

Moderate smokers are also at risk. When the mother smokes, her baby gestures of disgust, and ultrasounds have confirmed it, and is receiving the same extent that you all harmful substances in snuff. Women smokers are at higher risk of placenta previa and more complications in childbirth. Excessive consumption of alcohol during the three months prior to conception could harm the maturation of sperm and eggs, and could also damage the newly fertilized egg.

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Plan in advance
Quitting smoking is not as easy as making a ball with your last package and throw it away. Need a plan to overcome the challenge that you face. Most people leave it set a “start date” and make public their friends, family and coworkers. If you are pregnant is very important not to delay too long. Once you’ve set the “when” it is time to think about the “how.” You will have to decide if you’re ready to leave at once, if you prefer to download first the number of cigarettes per day and leave them completely within a week or two, or if you use a nicotine patch therapy. If you choose this last option, talk to your doctor to recommend a product. Whatever your decision, you need to have clear what you do when you’re between an irresistible urge to smoke. Some people chew gum or eat something, other people are going for a walk. Find something to distract you for a few minutes and help you resist temptation.

Get support from those around you
Quitting smoking is much easier if you try to do it alone. Support from family and friends can increase your chances of success. If you know someone who has quit smoking, call her when you feel a craving too big to give you encouragement. If you have family or friends who smoke, ask them not to do so before you. If your partner smokes, encourage him to quit or ask to leave the garden or the balcony to smoke. Some studies indicate that women more easily leave you if your partner does the same time.

Talk to your doctor
Whatever tactics you choose, a conversation with your doctor can mean the difference between success and failure. He can give you information and advise and at least give you some words of encouragement are always good. Do not let your first conversation about the snuff with your doctor is the last. If your next visit you are still smoking, tell it with full honesty and without feeling embarrassed. It is best to speak out for your welfare and your baby. And when you finally quit smoking, Tell too! No doubt share your joy.

Never forget why you’re quitting smoking
At first, you probably spend very bad times. If you do not feel a strong motivation, you probably have difficulty resisting the urge to smoke a cigarette. Experts believe that smokers have to be very clear why they want to quit, and that motivation must be very personal. In other words, we must be clear about why we have decided to support a process as hard as detoxification. I think this is one of the best gifts you can give your baby, while still in your womb. Constantly reminded of the benefits of not smoking, and of good courage. What you get!

Do not give up
Have a plan. You have the motivation. Your partner, your doctor, your family and friends support you. The time has come. You have to be stronger than the craving. If you give now, you have to start all over again. After some weeks, the withdrawal will start to recede and the urge to smoke will be less intense and frequent. If you smoke a cigarette again, do not beat yourself or lose sight of your goal. Many smokers try several times before the final. If you relapse do not beat yourself telling you that you have failed. Be positive: If you’ve gone a week without smoking, is a week in which neither you nor your baby have been exposed to toxins from snuff. Learn from each attempt to be better prepared next time.

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This happens because most of the constituents of snuff smoke cross the placenta and levels of some components of snuff in the blood of the mother tend to even out the fetus. This is even more serious because the metabolism and elimination are slower in the fetus in the mother, and this causes the accumulation of harmful substances.

The components of snuff and aggression to the fetus

Components of snuff (more than 4 000 substances), the most studied in their assault on the fetus are:

- Nicotine is distributed through the fetal circulation and impacts in organs such as brain, heart and adrenal glands may explain the increased levels of catecholamines (substances that increase heart rate and oxygen consumption) found in the amniotic fluid.

- Carbon Monoxide: This is a gas present in the incomplete combustion of snuff that crosses the placental barrier and binds to fetal hemoglobin (red blood cell essential protein that is responsible for transporting oxygen to tissues). The result is carboxyhemoglobin, which leads to a decrease in oxygenation of the blood and tissues of the fetus (chronic hypoxia).

- Hydrogen cyanide, normally present in small numbers in the body, increases in smoking mothers and consequently in the fetus. This results in a reduction of vitamin B12 (vitamin deficiency), which is responsible for metabolizing cyanide.

- Cadmium: For each cigarette smoked is added about 1 microgram of cadmium into the body, this excess appears to decrease the transport of zinc across the placenta and its availability to the embryo. It is important to note that zinc is necessary for the synthesis of approximately 200 enzymes, some of which are essential for fetal growth and development. This may explain the low weight and height that babies of smoking mothers at birth.

- Benzopyrene and nitrosamines: These are some of the carcinogenic substances contained in smoke snuff. There are approximately 480 in total, which cross the placental barrier. It is known that the fetus is more sensitive than adults to these chemicals, so one might ask then what is the carcinogenic risk to the fetus. Studies in experimental animals show that the risk of cancer in the offspring of those exposed to tobacco snuff is increased.

The fetal response to the aggression of the cigar

With each cigarette smoked by the mother is given an immediate response in the body of the fetus. These responses are evident especially at the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Cardiovascular system: After a few minutes of smoking a cigarette, the fetal heart rate increases by 15%, which persists for 25 minutes. It also produces an increase in the strength of heart muscle contraction and decrease placental blood flow.

Respiratory: In the lungs can be observed an increase in the frequency of breathing movements for about an hour after 5 minutes of smoking mothers. On the other hand has been observed that the number of fetal movements decreased after the mother has smoked significantly for 60 to 90 minutes, most likely due to lack of oxygen in fetal blood. This repeated with each cigarette can lead to a phenomenon of lassitude (weakness) fetus.

Direct consequences for the fetus

Weight loss: The most known and best documented is the reduction of infant birth weight. Mothers who smoke are twice as infants weighing less than 2 000 500 grams of nonsmoking mothers. Smoking appears to be responsible for approximately 30% of children with low birth weight and would be a more important determinant than the mother’s weight, height thereof and / or economic conditions.

Decreased body mass: The amount of weight deficit (body mass) is correlated with the daily number of cigarettes smoked by the mother. This reduction can range from a reduction of 70 to 400 grams. An important fact is that weight reduction is the result of a decrease in muscle mass rather than the fat of the fetus and is associated with a decrease in the size of the child, his chest diameter and head circumference. The mechanism by which smoking reduces the weight of the fetus is not well known but may be associated with malnutrition, decreased placental blood flow, a deficit of zinc, vitamin B12, among other possible factors.

Fetal death: Another direct consequence and the most serious of maternal smoking is fetal mortality. Indeed, several epidemiological studies have shown that women who smoke during pregnancy are at increased risk of perinatal mortality. This relates to the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the cumulative time of snuff consumption.
Indirect effects on the fetus

Spontaneous abortion risk: This risk reaches 20% in women who smoke 20 cigarettes per day according to some studies. Bleeding during pregnancy are more common in smokers than in nonsmokers and may be associated with bad embedded placentas, as well as placental detachment.
Preemies: Some studies show that 20% of women who smoke during pregnancy may give birth to premature babies if they smoke less than 20 cigarettes per day. This percentage could increase to 50% if they smoke 20 cigarettes per day.

Conclusion
The use of snuff during pregnancy carries serious consequences for the fetus, which accounts for active policies to deter pregnant women. This should suggest to the mother that the baby’s health becomes the cause for greater weight to quit. It is important that women take this opportunity to abandon smoking, the benefit of their own health and, of course, your entire family.

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Although all children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy have a high risk of childhood asthma among many other evils, the variation in a gene called IL-1RN makes them much more susceptible to the effects of snuff and its subsequent consequences.

This is the gene for the protein receptor antagonist of interleukin-1 with anti-inflammatory effect, the theory is that gene modification promotes chronic inflammation of the airways that characterize asthma.

The monitoring was conducted at 921 children from birth to 10 years, also took data on family history of asthma, allergies, maternal smoking, and so on.

An important fact is that children referred to genetic variation that were not exposed to maternal smoking had no risk for asthma. This shows that one of the worst things a mother can do for your child is smoking during pregnancy. Yourself.

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If you’re pregnant and you smoke, you now have another reason to encourage you to quit. Smoking in pregnancy can affect the proper development of baby’s brain. The research was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in San Diego.

The myelin deficit previously observed in adult patients with various psychiatric disorders.

In the study when rats were given nicotine during pregnancy, the children showed changes in the genes of myelin , and in certain brain regions like the limbic system involved in emotion. The most pronounced effect occurred in the prefrontal cortex. A region of the brain important for decision making.

Investigations revealed gender differences with regard to the effects of nicotine. Looks like maternal smoking affects men differently than women, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex are affected differently.

Quitting smoking is a sacrifice and an act of love for your baby and you. Many women have quit smoking in pregnancy. Talk to your doctor if you can not quit , you can help. You will see that you also get it.

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But until week 12? Today, most pregnancies are planned, for l The mother has the opportunity to stop smoking before becoming pregnant. Ideally, a year earlier so that the body gets cleansed of the effects of snuff, but you do not go that far. Just try to leave when he vows to become pregnant. Of course it’s hard to stop an addiction, but we are talking about having a baby. Make such a decision is important enough to motivate us to try and today there are all kinds of therapies to help stop the snuff. Even in clinics, family doctors can help.

If it’s an unplanned pregnancy, since we found out about the 8th week until the 12 th we have 4 weeks to quit or at least be reducing the amount of cigarettes. To motivate a fact: maternal smoking causes an increase.

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The babies who sleep with their parents smoking are three times more of nicotine than other babies, since the effects of snuff reach the skin, clothing and hair of the creature. More alarming is the news you consider that passive smoking is a major cause of death children in developed countries, while in other countries may be due to illness or starvation.

For this study, and this discovery not only consulted the parents of 1123 babies were made ​​but samples hair in 252 babies, visits at 3 and 6 months.

The solution is simple but not simple to stop smoking inside the house. Given that the house is one of the few places where smokers can smoke is a difficult issue because the street is only for smokers with children. The effort, of course worth it for the health of children. Another more practical and even more difficult is to stop smoking.

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One of the effects of snuff on the unborn child is increased chromosomal instability detected in fetuses of smoking mothers, which is considered a predisposing factor to cancer.A study in the initial phase, conducted at the Unitat de Biologia i Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, published by the prestigious ‘Jama’ shows that the chromosomes of the fetuses of smoking mothers showed a significant increase of chromosomal abnormalities, compared with fetuses of nonsmoking mothers. Moreover, only in fetuses of mothers who smoke is detected the presence of lesions in a region of chromosome 11 (band 11q23) in which there are several genes that may contribute to the development of leukemia in childhood.

As another example, another scientific study shows that children whose grandmothers smoked while pregnant have twice the risk of developing asthma in childhood.As explained in this study, the dangerous effects of snuff may cross several generations, even if the damage is apparently not visible in the second generation. “This is the first study to show that if a woman smokes while pregnant, both her son and his grandson may be more likely to have asthma,” said the author of the study, published in the journal ‘Chest’, the doctor and professor at the University of South Carolina (Los Angeles, USA) Frank D.Gilliland. “The findings suggest that smoking can have a lasting impact on the health of a family that had never before understood.”

Another of the unfortunate consequences of this practice on the fetus is the considerable increase in the risk of preterm birth, abortion and infant death.Some studies also suggest that infants of mothers who smoke during and after pregnancy are likely two to three times more likely to die of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) than babies born to nonsmokers.

Furthermore, moms who smoke tend to have more complications during pregnancy. Babies of mothers who smoke tend to weigh an average of 200 grams less at birth than children of nonsmoking mothers. This weight reduction is associated with increased risks of death and illness in infancy and early childhood.The more a pregnant woman smokes, the greater the risk to your baby, even if you quit at the end of the first trimester of pregnancy or even after the second trimester, your baby’s development can be improved.

The placenta also can also be altered because of snuff: These complications include the “placenta previa”, a condition in which the placenta is located in a very low position in the uterus and covers all or part of the cervix and the “placental” in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before delivery. In both cases, the life of the mother and child at risk during childbirth due to excessive bleeding, although in most cases it is possible to prevent the deaths with cesarean delivery. Problems with the placenta determine a slightly higher risk of stillbirth when the mother smokes during pregnancy.

But do not forget the responsibility of the parents once the baby is born, because the best education they can give a / an @ hij is the example and also the risks of illness linked to passive smoking are greater younger the age of the person. Once born, children whose parents smoke are exposed to all the effects suffered by a person in a smoky environment coughing, headaches, eye irritation, nausea, respiratory problems, and so on. In addition, the child is not aware of the danger of smoke snuff and not try to protect him. A child spending 80% of the time indoors and inhaling smoke generated a habit and then a dependency.

However, several studies have shown that pregnancy is a good time to quit, showing that changes and physiological and psychological status of the pregnant woman is an advantage to provide door to snuff.Still, an alarming percentage of ex-smokers who return to their habit after childbirth. Therefore, we appeal to all women ex-smokers to continue to maintain their status forever. Especially after experiencing the incredible feeling of creating a life that he should be all the best of it.

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The study suggests that pregnant women should quit smoking to keep their unborn children are exposed to nicotine and also should do so without the use of nicotine products such as certain patches or gum, according to researchers, also pose a risk to the baby.

“Smoking during pregnancy can harm the baby go far beyond a premature delivery or low birth weight,” says lead study investigator Edward Levin, a professor of biological psychiatry.”In addition, causes changes in the baby’s brain development can affect you for life.”

Levin’s team exposed pregnant rats to nicotine.When their offspring they became teenagers, were allowed to self-administer nicotine whenever you want.To self-administer the drug, the rats pressed a lever that released a dose of nicotine intravenously. Each push the lever was roughly equivalent to one puff of a cigarette.

The researchers studied two groups of rats: those that had been exposed to nicotine during pregnancy and those who had not been. Both groups of rats consumed the same rate of nicotine, about 10 puffs per session. After 4 weeks, the researchers forced the rats to experience withdrawal symptoms for a week in which they had no access to nicotine.

When scientists restored access to nicotine, they witnessed a noticeable difference in the rate at which rats resumed the habit. Those who had been exposed during pregnancy, taking almost twice as puffs of nicotine than others.

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